Indian Foreign Policy over the Years – A Critical Analysis

Abstract

India’s Foreign Policy: Strategic Autonomy in a Changing World

India's foreign policy is shaped by its historical legacy, strategic interests, and evolving global dynamics. Rooted in the principles of non-alignment, peace, and cooperation, India's foreign policy has adapted to the changing international landscape. As a rising global power, India seeks to balance its relationships with major powers, engage in multilateral forums, and promote regional stability in South Asia.

India's foreign policy emphasizes economic diplomacy, defense partnerships, and active participation in global governance, aiming to enhance its influence and contribute to addressing global challenges such as climate change, terrorism, and regional conflicts. With a focus on national security and economic growth, India continues to pursue a pragmatic approach to maintain strategic autonomy while fostering mutually beneficial ties with nations across the world.

In recent years, India's foreign policy has been characterized by a more assertive and pragmatic approach, reflecting its growing global stature and strategic priorities. India has strengthened its ties with major powers, particularly the United States, Japan, and Australia, through initiatives like the Quadrilateral Security Dialogue (Quad) to counter China's rising influence in the Indo-Pacific region. Simultaneously, India has maintained a balanced relationship with Russia, particularly in defense and energy sectors.

Additionally, economic diplomacy has been a key driver, with India pursuing trade agreements, attracting foreign investment, and promoting its interests in global supply chains. This paper traces the growth of India's foreign policy over the years and illustrates how India continues to prioritize national security, economic development, and strategic autonomy while adapting to the complex geopolitical environment.

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